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Artificial Intelligence in Pediatrics: An Opportunity to Lead, not to Follow

Mondillo G, Perrotta A, Colosimo S, Frattolillo V, Masino M, Pettoello-Mantovani M. Artificial Intelligence in Pediatrics: An Opportunity to Lead, not to Follow. J Pediatr. 2025 Aug;283:114641. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2025.114641. Epub 2025 May 12. PMID: 40368240.

The era of generative artificial intelligence is radically transforming contemporary medicine, with an impact that is expected to grow significantly in the coming years. Large language models (LLMs), a type of artificial intelligence (AI) system trained on massive volumes of text, are already influencing everyday clinical practice by enabling the processing and generation of human-like language, as well as performing tasks such as translation, text summarization, and answering questions.1 These tools can provide support in generating differential diagnoses, interpreting laboratory tests, and suggesting therapeutic strategies. Pediatricians should carefully consider the unique challenges that this technological revolution brings to the care of their patients in order to ensure safe, ethical, and effective integration of AI into their practice. The purpose of this commentary, authored by members of the Working Group on Artificial and Generative Intelligence in Pediatrics of the European Pediatric Association, Union of National European Pediatric Societies and Associations, is to discuss briefly the implications of generative AI, particularly LLMs, for pediatric practice, with the aim of providing information and practical recommendations to support an appropriate approach to, and use of, this emerging technology. As these tools become increasingly embedded in clinical workflows, the goal is to draw pediatricians’ attention to the importance of understanding their potential, limitations, and the unique ethical and practical considerations that these tools pose for the care of children. AI represents, in fact, an opportunity to serve clinical practice, rather than something to endure passively or follow without gaining benefits for patients.
 
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